Abanyeshuri bata ishuri: urugero rwa Sierra Leone

Nk'ibisanzwe, ntibiba bitunguranye na gato kuba umunyeshuri yatira ikayi mugenzi we wayigiyemo akaba atakiyikoresha cyangwa ibiyikubiyemo bakabisomera hamwe buri wese agakuramo ikimufitiye akamaro.

Iyi nyandiko irareba uburezi bw'igihugu kimwe mu ishusho imwe y'impamvu abanyeshuri bava mu ishuri, ariko ikabirebera mu mateka.

Reka dufatanye gusoma bimwe mu by'ingenzi bikubiye muri raporo y'uko uburezi bwari buhagaze muri Sierra Leone mu mwaka wa 2013; raporo nafashe * nk'ikayi y'ikigugu.

Raporo y'uko igihugu [Sierra Leone] cyari gihagaze mu Rwego rw'Uburezi.

Muri uyu mwaka, Banki y'isi igaragaza ko iki gihugu cyashoye mu burezi amafaranga angana na 2.3798% by'umusaruro mbumbe w'imbere mu gihugu (GDP).

Sierra Leone ni igihugu cyazamutse vuba mu kongera amafaranga gishyira mu burezi. Byasabye imyaka 10 gusa kugira ngo kive kuri 2.5886% kigere kuri 9.2614%, ni ukuvuga ubwiyongere bwa 6.6728%.

Ni igihugu cyari **gihagaze ku mwanya wa kabiri muri Afurika mu gushyira amafaranga menshi mu burezi, kikaba cyarazamuye ayo mafaranga ku buryo bwagiye bwihuta.

Umwaka wa 2013 ukabizamo ute?

Umwaka wa 2013 ni ingenzi cyane kuri Sierra Leone: ni bwo yasozaga imyaka 5 yari imaze ikoresha Inyandiko Igaragaza Gahunda y'Ibikorwa bya Minisiteri y'Uburezi (Education Sector Plan).

Mu itangira ry'iyo gahunda y'ibikorwa, isi yari mu kibazo cy'ubukungu ku buryo kwibwira ko ihungabana ryabwo ryaba ryaragize ingaruka zikomeye ku burezi bitaba ari ugukabya.

Mu mwaka ya 2013 kandi, Minisiteri y'uburezi yiteguraga gushyira ahagaragara Inyandiko Igaragaza Gahunda y'Ibikorwa byayo byari kuzagenderwaho hagati y'umwaka wa 2014-2018 (Education Sector Plan).

Ijanisha ku mafaranga yashowe mu burezi ugereranyije n'umusaruro mbumbe w'imbere mu gihugu (GDP):Uko yagiye ahindagurika mu myaka icumi hagati y'umwaka wa 2010-2020

Kuva mu ishuri: ni ibiki bikubiye muri aka gakayi ka Sierra Leone ?

Nk'uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa 3 rw'iyi raporo, uburumbuke bw'abaturage bwatumye abana bata ishuri.

Raporo zo mu mwaka wa 2008 zerekanaga ko ku myaka 15, 11% by'abana b'abakobwa babaga baratewe inda, bityo bakaba bari bafite abana barera; bikagera ku myaka 19 ijanisha ry'abakobwa bafite inshingano zo kurera riri kuri 52%.

34% by'abana bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 19 bakoreweho ubushakashatsi, bari barabyaye cyangwa se batwite mu gihe bwakorwaga, kandi abo mu byaro bari bagize umubare munini w'abafite abana (44%) ugeraranyije na 23% by'abo mu mijyi.

Nk'ingaruka, kuba hari abana batwitaga bakiri bato byagabanyije uburyo bashishikarira kwiga kandi benshi mu babaga batwite bahitagamo kureka ishuri burundu.

Abanyeshuri bafite ibibazo mu myigire (Learning difficulties)

Umubare muto w'abasibira mu byiciro byo hejuru wagaragaje ko hari umubare munini w'abanyeshuri babaga baravuye mu ishuri batararangiza icyiciro hakiri kare kubera kugira ibibazo mu myigire.

Uku kugaragara kw'abanyeshuri bafite ibibazo mu myigire, nk'uko raporo ibigarukaho ku rupapuro rwayo rwa 60, kwatewe no kuba harabayeho uburezi bw'ubuntu kuri buri wese hatitawe ku kumenya ibibazo umunyeshuri yaba afite byamubuza kwiga uko bikwiriye.

Ibi bikaba byarashoboraga gusobanura ko abanyeshuri batsindaga cyane (High Performing Students) babaga bafite ibyago bike byo guta ishuri; bikanerekana ko hari abanyeshuri bahitamo guta ishuri aho gusibira.

Ubukene bw'imiryango,imyaka y'umunyeshuri n'aho ishuri riri

Iyi raporo kandi yagaragaje ko hari imiryango ikennye itari ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyira abana mu mashuri. 40% by'abana baturuka mu miryango nk'iyi bavaga mu ishuri.

Ikomeza ivuga ko hari ahantu amashuri yari kure, kandi ko kuri iyo ngingo, aho abanyeshuri bagendaga urugendo ruri hejuru y'iminota 45 ari ho habaga hari ibyago by'uko by'uko bayavamo.

25% by'abanyeshuri bo mu byaro bashoboraga kuva mu ishuri ugereranyije na 16% by'abanyeshuri baturuka mu mijyi.

Imyaka abana bafite na yo yagarutsweho cyane aho ababyeyi bayigenderagaho bakaba bafata umwanzuro wo kubohoreza cyangwa se kutabohereza ku mashuri.

Imyigire n'imyigishirize

Ku rupapuro rwa 64, hagaragara ko Sierra Leone yahuye n'ikibazo cyo kuba abanyeshuri bo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri abanza barakoreshaga Icyongereza, bigatuma basoza icyo cyiciro batazi gusoma.

Ku rupapuro rwa 80 hagaragara ko hari abarenga 50% bari muri icyo cyiciro batari bazi kwandika amazina yabo ku buryo batari bafite ubumenyi buhagije bwabatera imbaraga zo kuguma mu ishuri.

Hejuru y'icyo kandi, hakubitiragaho n'abarimu batari bahugukiwe no gukoreha Icyongereza n'ibitabo mfashanyigisho.

Ibyo bakuruye impaka zatumye hari abibwira ko ibyiza ari uko abana bo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri abanza bajya biga mu rurimi kavukire.

N'ubwo byabaye impaka ariko, ubushakashatsi bwa Porofeseri Angelina Kioko (2015) n'ubwa UNESCO mu bihe bitandukanye bwagiye bugaruka ku kamaro k'ururimi kavukire mu myigishirize y'abana bakiri bato.

Mu gusoza kuri iyi ngingo, uko imyigishirize yagiye itagwa neza abanyeshuri mu byiciro bitandukanye byatumye bagira ibibazo mu myigire byaganishije ku kwanga ishuri.

Hari imana UNESCO yatanze

Zimwe mu nama zifatwa nk'izashoboraga kugabanya ibi bibazo byari mu burezi bwa Sierra Leone zari nko gusibiza umunyeshuri ari uko ari cyo cya nyuma gishoboka, ahubwo imbaraga zigashyirwa mu kumwigisha by'umwihariko binyuze mu masomo yiswe ***Remedial Courses.

Hanatanzwe inama kandi ku gutekereza uko ururimi rw'Icyongereza abana batabashaga kwigamo rwari gusimbuzwa ururimi kavukire; kongera amasaha yo kwigisha, guha abarimu amahugurwa n'ibindi.

Byinshi muri ibi akaba ari byo byagarutse mu migambi Leta yagendeyeho muri gahunda yayo (ESP) yakoreshejwe mu mwaka wa 2014-2018 nk'uko bigaragara ku mpapuro zayo nk'urwa 24, urwa 41 n'izindi.

Aho igihugu cya Sierra Leone giherereye ku ikarita y'umugabane w'Afurika

Hari amafaranga yagiye yongerwa mu burezi ariko ntibihita bisobanura gukemuka kw'ikibazo kubera ko hari byinshi bijyana na yo harimo imikoreshereze yayo no kureba ibyihutirwa kurusha ibindi hagendewe ku buremere bw'ibibazo.

N'ubwo buri gihugu kigira umwihariko wacyo mu gukemura ibibazo bikireba, byinshi bihurira ku kuba mu gusubiza bibazo biteye nk'icyo twagarutseho bikunda kwita ku kureba umuzi.

====================

* : Ni imvugo abanyeshuri bakoresha (ga) rimwe na rimwe bashaka kuvuga ikayi yigiwemo n'undi muntu mu myaka yabanje.

**: Hari imibare y'ibihugu itagaragara muri iyo raporo kubera ko twagendeye ku mwaka wa 2020 gusa nk'imibare iheruka.

***: Ni amasomo (y)ahabwa(ga) abanyeshuri mu gihe kidasanzwe cyo kwigisha agamije kubasubiriramo ibyo batasobanukiwe mu gihe gisanzwe cyo kwigisha.