Iminota itanu gusa yakwangiriza uburezi ku rugero rwa 12.5% - Isesengura

"N'ubwo kwigisha bifite agaciro ntagereranywa mu nshingano za mwarimu; gusuzuma abanyeshuri, kubategurira amasomo, kubakosora, kwitabira amahugurwa n'inama zigenewe abakozi bikwiriye kwitabwaho igihe abarimu bo mu bihugu bitandukanye bahabwa inshingano *(OECD, 2014)"

Mu bihe bitandukanye, ibihugu cyane cyane ibikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bishobora guhura n'ibibazo byasubiza inyuma ireme ry'uburezi. Muri byo haba ibishobora kwirindwa. Nk'ibisaba amafaranga cyangwa ubumenyi byakemuka iyo igisabwa gihari. Hari n'ibisaba igihe. Ni gute igihe cy'iminota 5 gusa cyakwangiza uburezi ku rugero rwa 12.5%?

Muri iri sesengura, turifashisha urugero rumwe rwashingira ku myubakire y'amashuri. Hagamijwe gusa kwerekana uko byagenda haramutse hatakazwa byibuze iminota 5 mu yo abarimu bakoresha bigisha.

Nko mu Rwanda, aho kwigisha [byaba] bikorwa mu **byiciro 8 (8 periods) ku munsi, umwarimu atakaje ikigereranyo cy'iminota 5 kuri buri cyiciro, ku munsi yatakaza iminota 40 yegeranyijwe.

Ibyo byatuma umwarimu umwe atakaza umunsi umwe buri minsi umunani (1/8) bishobora no kurengaho gato igihe ibyiciro byigishwa (periods) byarenga 8.

Gutakara kw'iyi minota biramutse ari ibintu bitakwirindwa, byateza ingaruka zikomeye zirimo kudasoza integanyanyigisho uko bikwiriye.

Muri uyu murongo, integanyanyigisho ibamo inzego 3 dukurikije uko Husen (1967) abisobanura. Ku rwego rwa mbere haba Integanyanyigisho iteganyijwe **(Intended curriculum). Iyi ni integanyanyigisho nk'uko iba yateguwe ku rwego rwo hejuru ruyishinzwe (Igihugu, intara, akarere...)

Ku rwego rwa kabiri dusangaho Intenganyanyigisho yashyizwe mu bikorwa **(Implemented curriculum) yo ikaba ivugwa harebwe ibyigishijwe umunyeshuri. Ni ukuvuga, ibyashyizwe mu bikorwa ugereranyije n'ibyateguwe, biteganyijwe mu nteganyanyigisho ya mbere.

Urwego rwa gatatu ni Integanyanyigisho yahinduwe ubumenyi bw'abanyeshuri **(Attained curriculum). Iyi irebwa hakurikijwe ibyasuzumwe bipima ubushobozi bw'umunyeshuri nyuma y'uko yigishijwe. Mu yandi magambo ni umusaruro w'integanyanyigisho muri rusange.

Iyangirika rishobora kugereranywa ko ari 12.5% rituruka he?

Biragoye cyane ko umwarimu ukora urugendo ruva mu ishuri rujya mu rindi yakoresha amasegonda. Byanze bikunze haba harimo igihe gitakakara kandi kikiyongera bitewe n'intambwe iri hagati y’icyumba cy’ishuri avuyemo n’icyo agiyemo.

Urwo rugendo uruteranyijeho igihe cyo gushyira ibitabo ku murongo ndetse n'ibindi bireba mwarimu ashobora kwitaho iyo ageze mu ishuri bitewe n'imiterere yaryo, byafata iminota byibuze 5 ishobora no kurenga bitewe n'ubunini bw'ikigo cyangwa imiterere y'ingengabihe.

Aho ni ho muri iri sesengura mpera mbara iminota 5 ukubye ibyiciro umunani (8 Periods). Iminota mirongo ine (40) ni icyiciro kimwe ku munsi, ihwanye na 1/8 cyangwa 12.5%, ari byo bivamo gutakaza umunsi 1 mu minsi 8 igihe twabara iyo minota tuyegeranyije.

Ingengabihe mu bikwiriye gutungwa agatoki

N'ubwo muri iri sesengura tutakwemeza ko ingengabihe zose ziteye kimwe, ikizwi neza ni uko hari henshi zitagira igihe cyo gusimburana (Transition) hagati y'ibyiciro byo kwigisha (periods).

Igongana ry'iminota mu ngengabihe: amabara asa agaragaza igongana ry'iminota igihe mwarimu yakenera kuva mu ishuri yarimo. Ingengabihe ikwiriye mbona ari iyasigamo akanya mwarimu akoresha ajya ku rindi shuri

Zimwe mu ngaruka zishoboka

Nk'uko twabigarutseho, gutakaza iminota iyo ari yo yose byanze bikunze bigabanya urugero rw'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'integanyanyigisho, ibi bikaba byakwangiza ireme ry'uburezi cyane ko mu birebwaho iyo rivuzwe harimo "inyigisho".

Ibi bigaragara mu Igazeti ya Leta n° Idasanzwe yo ku wa 18/02/2021 ikubiyemo Itegeko N° 010/2021 ryo ku wa 16/02/2021 rigena imitunganyirize y’uburezi mu ngingo yaryo ya kabiri. Ni mu gihe kandi kimwe mu bigaragaza inyigisho harimo integanyanyigisho tumaze tugarukaho.

Kutigisha mu gihe kingana n'ijana ku ijana ry'icyateganyijwe bishobora gutuma bitewe n'imikorere ya mwarimu cyangwa ibyo asabwa kugira ngo yitwe mwarimu ushoboye (harimo gusoza integanyanyigisho) ashaka kwihutira kuyisoza vuba hatitawe ku bumenyi buyikubiyemo bikaba igihombo ku munyeshuri kandi nanone byiswe igipimo cy'umwarimu mwiza.

Ibyo byatuma mu nteganyanyigisho igereranywa n'ubumenyi bw'abanyeshuri (attained curriculum) haboneka amanota meza ku rwego rw'ibigo ariko byagera ku rwego rwisumbuye nko mu bizamini bya Leta, abanyeshuri ntibagaragaze umusaruro nk'uko Prof. Kamran M. abigaragaraza.

Dukome urusyo n'ingasire!

N'ubwo bigaragara ko hari ibikibangamiye ireme ry'uburezi birimo byinshi bitakunze kugarukwaho nk'uku gutakara kw'igihe, nta rirarenga. Birashoboka cyane ko abashinzwe gushyiraho ingengabihe y'amasomo bakwibuka gusigamo akanya kugira ngo mwarimu ajye agakoresha ava ku ishuri ajya ku rindi.

Cyakora, gusigamo akanya ni ibintu bigomba kwitonderwa cyane harebwa ku kiruhuko gikwiriye umunyeshuri aba agomba kugira hagati y'amasomo, ndetse n'igihe cya nyacyo cyo kuryama no kubyuka kugira ngo gushaka gukoresha neza igihe bitazana ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu banyeshuri.

Ibi byafasha abarezi kongera amahirwe yo gutakaza igihe gito cyane ugereranyije na 12.5% bitekerezwa ko ari cyo gihe cyaba gitakara.

Byongeye kandi, byatuma twizera ko umunyeshuri usoje amasomo yabonye byinshi bishoboka mu byo yari ateganyirijwe bityo tukarushaho kumenya niba ashoboye cyangwa akeneye ubundi bumenyi igihe ageze ku isoko ry'umurimo.

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"N'ubwo kwigisha bifite agaciro ntagereranywa mu nshingano za mwarimu; gusuzuma abanyeshuri, kubategurira amasomo, kubakosora, kwitabira amahugurwa n'inama zigenewe abakozi bikwiriye kwitabwaho igihe abarimu bo mu bihugu bitandukanye bahabwa inshingano *(OECD, 2014)"

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* Indicator D4: How much time do teachers spend teaching?

** Isemura (Translation) riragenekereje