Bigenda bite ngo amashuri avugweho kunanirwa gusubiza ibikenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo ?-Isesengura

Mu burezi hahoraho impaka z'abadasiba gutungana agatoki mu gushaka isoko yaba ituma umunyeshuri yasoza amasomo hari ibyo adashoboye bikenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo.

Mu mpaka nk'izi, ni ho buri wese bitewe n'uruhande ashaka kwishyiramo agira ati "twe ibyacu tuba twabikoze, bariya ni byo babyica".

Muri iri sesengura, turahagarara ahirengeye turebe byibuze impamvu enye z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma amashuri na sosiyete arimo byitana ba mwana iyo bigeze ku kamaro k'ishuri mu gusubiza ibyo sosiyete ikeneye.

1. Gufata ishuri nk'urwego rudakeneye ubufasha bwa sosiyete.

Sosiyete n'ishuri ni inzego zuzuzanya kubera ko umunyeshuri aturuka muri sosiyete. Iyo hari ikibazo cyugarije sosiyete, kigira ingaruka ku munyeshuri kikabangamira imyigire ye.

Si ibyo gusa kuko hari amasomo umunyeshuri asabwa kwigira muri sosiyete. Twavuga nk'amasomo asaba imenyerezamwuga (Stage/Internship).

Hari henshi abanyeshuri bagorwa no kubona imenyerezamwuga cyangwa baribona bagakoreshwa ibidahura neza n'amasomo bize.

Mu imenyerezamwuga, umukoresha afatanya n'ishuri kwigisha umunyeshuri kugira ngo igice cy'ubumenyi bwo mu ishuri cyuzuzwe n'icy'ubumenyingiro bwo mu kazi mu gihe gito aba ahawe.

Uyu mwarimu wa kabiri we nta ngaruka za vuba bimugiraho cyane ko ataha akazi uwo atatoje bihagije; ariko aba ahemukira abazakenera uwo munyeshuri utarafashijwe uko bikwiriye.

Iyo agaragaye mu bavuga ko abanyeshuri basohoka mu mashuri nta kintu bazi, aba yigiza nkana kubera ko icyo bari kumumenyeraho atagitanze.

2. Kwigisha isomo hatagaragazwa neza icyo rizamarira uryiga.

Hari abanyeshuri bashobora kwiga amasomo kubera ko ari itegeko kuyiga, ariko ntibamenye neza icyo iryo somo rimaze mu buzima busanzwe.

Iyo bimeze gutyo umunyeshuri asigara yiga kubera gutinya. Agize amahirwe usanga yagira umutima wo kurireka cyangwa bikaba byaganisha ku kuva mu ishuri kuko ashobora gukomeza kwifata nk'uta igihe ku bidafite umumaro.

Kwiga kubera gutinya ingaruka bikubiye mu mpamvu zitera umuntu gukora ikintu zidaturutse muri we (Extrinsic Motivation). Ni igice cy'izo mpamvu cyiswe "External regulation" nk'uko Porofeseri Lisa Legault abivuga.

Mpandeshatu nka kimwe mu bigenga imyanzuro y'umupilote igihe ahagurutsa cyangwa agusha indege ku kibuga.

3. Intego z'isomo zitajyana n'ibibazo by'ikizamini.

Mu myigire n'imyigishirize, Porofeseri Kamran M. avuga bimwe mu bintu bigomba kuba bihura kugira ngo twizere ireme ry'uburezi.

Muri byo hari umwarimu wasoje ibyiciro by'amashuri bisabwa ngo yemererwe kuba mwarimu (Qualified teacher) ndetse n'ubushobozi afite bwo gukoresha ubumenyi bwe kugira ngo atange umusaruro (Competent teacher).

Kuri iyi ngingo, mwarimu ufite ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubumenyi ni ushobora guhuza intego z'isomo ndetse n'ikibazo gikwiriye kugira ngo apime niba koko izo ntego zagezweho.

Nk'ingaruka, gutsinda k'umunyeshuri ntibigaragaza neza ubushobozi afite igihe icyo yabajijwe kidahura n'icyo yitezweho mu ntego z'isomo.

Ibyo biba bimwe mu bituma amanota y'umunyeshuri ashobora kuba meza ku rwego rw'ishuri ariko akazaba mabi ku rwego rw'igihugu cyangwa ubwinshi bwayo ntibusobanure ubushobzi bwa nyirayo.

4. Guhitiramo umunyeshuri ibyo yiga hatazwi neza ubushobozi bwiganje mu bwo afite.

Mu buzima bw'ishuri, ntihabura abajya gusura abanyeshuri ku mashuri bamenya ko akunda umuziki cyangwa imikino bakavuga ko ari uburangare ngo "ni ibyo yirirwamo gusa".Hari n'abahitiramo umunyeshuri ibi kubera ko ari byo bize cyangwa se ari byo bakunda.

Tubwirwa n'iki ko uwakabaye yiga umuziki cyangwa imikino atahawe kwiga ibyo adashoboye cyangwa adakunda? Ibi birasaba gusubiza amaso inyuma mu bitera umunyeshuri kwiga no gukunda isomo iri n'iri tubirebeye mu cyiswe "Motivation" mu ndimi z'amahanga.

Tugendeye ku ihange (Theory) rya Howard Gardner mu gitabo yise "Frames of mind:The theory of multiple intelligences", tubona uburyo butandukanye bw'ubushobozi bw'ubwenge bwa muntu.

Nk'umuntu ufite ubushobozi *bwiganje bwo gukoresha indimi cyangwa amagambo aba afite icyo H.Garder yise "Linguistic intelligence", ufite ubwiganje mu mibare n'ibisaba gutekereza akagira icyiswe "Logical Intelligence"

Bumwe mu bwenge umuntu ashobora kugira nk'uko H.Gardner abusibanura mu ihange rye.

Bimenyekanye ko ufite ubushobozi bwiganje cyane mu gukoresha imibare n'ibiyiganishaho akurikirana ibisaba gukoresha amagambo, haba habayeho kugerageza gupimira ubushobozi bw'ifi mu kurira igiti.

Iyo habayeho kwibwira ko umuntu nta kintu ashoboye kandi ubivuga aterekana uko agenzura ubushobozi bw'uwo akoresha; biba bigoranye kwihutira kunenga ukora mu gihe ukoresha na we atazi guhitamo.

Ku byo twabonye muri iyi nyandiko hiyongeraho nko kugira inyota yo kugera ku ntego hakagaragazwa amakuru atari yo mu mikorere (Urugero rwa Vietnam), ibitabo bitajyana n'integanyanyigisho n'ibivuguruzanya mu isomo rimwe (Urugero rwa Pakistan).

Hari kandi guhita umukoresha apima ubushobozi bw'umukozi akabihuza n'ubumenyi bwo mu mashuri atazi intego iyo porogaramu yari ifite, atanafite igipimisho (Rubric) kandi agapima intego hatarashira byibuze imyaka ibiri (Rose G.G.,2016; Kamran M.2019), ubushobozi buke bwo kubaza ibibazo bitoranya neza umukozi ukwiriye akazi n'ibindi.

Umwanzuro ni uko ku rwego mpuzamahanga,ubwinshi bw'impamvu zituma abantu bibwira ko umunyeshuri usoje amasomo adatanga umusaruro ku isoko ry'umurimo zidakwiriye guhuma abantu amaso ngo birengagize ko hari ibigenderwaho kugira ngo havugwe uwo musaruro.

Abantu bakenera abakozi na bo bakwiriye kurushaho gusobanukirwa ko kubura umukozi ushoboye ibyo bifuza mu iterambere ry'akazi kabo bizakomeza kuba amahitamo yabo mu gihe ubushobozi bw'amatsinda y'inzobere baba bafite agamije gushungura umukozi ukenewe batabukoresheje bwose.

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*Dukurikije ihange rya Gardner, kuba umuntu afite ubushobozi bwiganje mu kintu ntibisobanura ko ari cyo ashoboye gusa. Ihange kandi rishobora kugira abatribona kimwe na nyiraryo ariko hatirengagijwe icyo bita "ukuri" bashobora guhurizaho.