Kuki uburezi bw’umwana w'umukobwa bwitabwaho? Igisobanuro mu mafaranga-Ubushakashatsi

Hakunda kumvikana abantu bavuga ku byiza byo kwita burezi bw'umwana w'umukobwa ndetse n'iterambere ry'umwari n'umutegarugori,ari na ko hagaragara abadahita bumva akamaro kabyo.

N'ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kwita ku iterambere ry'abigitsina gore si ikintu cyahise kiza mu mitwe y'ababivuga n'ababiharanira. Ni urugendo rutari urwa vuba aha nk'uko bamwe bashobora kubyibwira.

Muri iyi nyandiko, turasubiza amaso mu myaka 30 ishize, turebe uko inyungu ziva mu gushyira imbaraga mu burezi bw'ab'igitsina gore zabarwa mu mafaranga cyangwa mu bikorwa by'iterambere byagiye bigerwaho ndetse n'ibyo twakwitega.

*1992: Mu nyandiko ya Lawrence H. Summers ubwo yari mu nama ya Banki y'isi, yagaragaje ko kongera urwego rw'amashuri ho umwaka umwe byatumaga amafaranga yinjira yiyongeraho hagati ya 10-20% ku mugore ndetse no ku mugabo.

Usibye inyungu z'amafaranga, uyu mushakashatsi avuga ko by'umwihariko ku mugore hari izindi nyungu ziva mu guteza imbere uburezi bw'umugore turebeye mu ndorerwamo eshanu.

Ubuzima bwiza bw'abana, igabanyuka ry'imfu zabo n'iz'ababyeyi.

Abagore ni bo bamarana igihe n'abana. Iyo bongereye amashuri baba bongera ubumenyi butuma ababasha kwita ku buzima bw'abana babo.

Aha twavuga nk'imirire, imyitwarire, amashuri n'izindi ngingo zigize imibereho y'umwana zimenywa na nyina ku buryo bw'umwihariko.

Ibyo bituma iyo umugore yize aba yongera amahirwe yo kugira umwana ufite ubuzima bwiza ugereranyije na mugenzi we utaragize ayo mahirwe.

Umugore wize agira amakuru ku mirire y'umwana bikagabanya imfu (Laurence H, 1992). Mu mafaranga, idolari 1 ry'Amerika rishyizwe mu mirire myiza y'umugore utwite rizana amadolari 16. Ni mu gihe imirire mibi mu babyeyi batwite itera imfu z'abana 800,000 buri mwaka (Women Deliver, 2017)

Muri Afurika, habaga hari ibyago by'uko umwana 1 muri 5 yashoboraga kwitaba Imana atarageza ku myaka 5 igihe avuka ku mubyeyi utaragize amahirwe yo kugera mu ishuri. Ibyago byagabanyukagaho 40% igihe umugore yabaga yarize byibuze imyaka 5, bikagabanyuka ku rugero rwa 50% igihe yize imyaka 7.

Uburezi bw'abagore butuma imfu z'ababyeyi na zo zigabanyuka. Mu imurika ry'ubu bushakashatsi, hagaragajwe ko ibi biterwa n'uko umugore/umukobwa hari amakuru ajyanye no kwita ku buzima abonera mu ishuri akamufasha kumenya uko yakwirinda inda zitateguwe.

Kuba hagabanyutse umubare w'abirinda inda zitateganyijwe bigabanya umubare w'ababyeyi bapfa babyara. Kongeraho umwaka umwe w'amashuri bituma hagabanyuka 2/1000 ku mfu z'ababyeyi bapfa babyara.

Kuboneza urubyaro no kugabanyuka k'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.

Ubushakashatsi bwa Laurence kandi bwagaragaje ko uko umugore arushaho kongera amashuri ari ko agenda yumva yabyara abana bake.

Ibi byashimangiwe n'uko ibihugu byari bifite abagore benshi bagize amahirwe yo kujya mu ishuri byari bifite uburumbuke bukeya ku buryo byagaragaye ko uko umugore yongera amashuri umwaka umwe yabaga agabanyije uburumbuke ku rugero ruri hagati ya 5-10%.

Buri uko umukobwa cyangwa umugore yongereye umwaka umwe w'amashuri bituma amafaranga ashobora kuzaronka mu myaka iri imbere yiyongera (UNICEF, 2022); abarirwa hagati ya 10-20% (Laurence H.,1992, Shannon M.,Wivinia B.elmonte;Jane N. 2009 & Women Deliver, 2017). Gutwara inda zitateganyijwe biragabanyuka kuko agira amakuru ahagije ku buzima (Laurence, 1992)

Abagore/abakobwa bageze mu mashuri bari bafite amahirwe menshi yo kutishora mu busambanyi. Mu nama yabereye i Amsterdam ivuga kuri SIDA , byagaragaye ko uku kutishora mu buraya byagabanyaga ibyago byo gukwirakwiza virusi itera SIDA.

Nko muri **Zaire, 28% by'abakobwa ni bo bonyine bari mu ishuri, abarenga 7% muri bo bari baranduye virusi itera SIDA; mu gihe muri Zimbabwe 40% bari mu mashuri yisumbuye, abanduye virusi itera SIDA bari munsi ya 4%.

Kugabanya iyangirika ry'ibidukikije: Iyo umugore ahawe amahirwe yo kwiga, nk'uko twabibonye hejuru, haba ahari amahirwe yo kuboneza urubyaro. Uko kugabanyuka kw'abo azitaho kumuganisha ku kudakenera amashyamba n'indi mitungo kamere yari kuzakoreshwa.

Umugore/Umukobwa wize aba yongera amahirwe yo kujya mu nzego zifata ibyemezo. Women Deliver (2017) igaragaza ko iyo bari mu nteko zishinga amategeko bemeza ku bwinshi amategeko arengera ibidukikije nk'uko bigaragazwa n'ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bihugu 130. Ni mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2012 abantu miliyoni 4.3 biciwe mu ngo zabo n'umwuka uhumanye, na ho miliyoni 26 bakava mu byabo.

Muri make, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko uburezi bw'umukobwa ndetse no kwita ku iterambere ry'umugore muri rusange ari ikintu cyo gushyigikira kubera uruhare bifite mu iterambere ry'igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ibi birasobanura ko ubu burezi bushyizwemo imbaraga nkeya hari amafaranga menshi Leta zatakaza mu guhangana n’ingaruka zaturuka ku bibazo byakabaye byaririnzwe mbere bityo ikiguzi cyo kwivuza kikaruta icyo kwirinda.

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* Hari nyandiko nyinshi za vuba nk'iya Shannon M.,Wivinia B.Elmonte;Jane N. (2009); OECD (2010), Women Deliver (2017), WEF (2020), GPE (2021), UNICEF (2022) n'izindi zivuga kuri iyi ngingo,ariko twahisemo kwifashisha ibikubiye mu imurika ry'ubushakashatsi bwo mu mwaka wa 1992.

Ni uko umwanditsi yibwira ko kuba ari inyandiko ya kera biyiha ububasha bwo gutanga ishusho y'uko mbere byari bimeze kandi akaba abona ko inshyashya zitanga amakuru ashimangira uko byar byifashe mu myaka 30 ishize.

**Zaire (1992) ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo (2022). Twahisemo gukoresha iri ijambo nk'uko ryakoreshwaga mu gihe cy'iyi nyandiko.